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VITAVM®13

For full veneering of metal frameworks in the conventional CTE range

VITA VM 13 is a highly-esthetic, fine-structure feldspar ceramic that is perfectly adapted to the CTE value of conventional bonding alloys (approx. 13.8 – 15.2 µm/mK).
Regardless of whether the conventional alloys are cast, milled or sintered.

VITA VM 13 provides a genuine alternative to all-ceramics – and is right at home wherever the masking effect of a metal framework is required.

The firing temperature (880°C, dentin firing) provides enormous processing reliability, particularly for alloys with a low solidus temperature (<1100°C).

The main components are pure-grade potash and albite feldspar materials that offer brilliant shade effects as well as unbeatable flexural strength values.

Thanks to its homogeneous, compact surface, VITA VM 13 supports outstanding grinding and polishing, particularly in situ. This ensures smooth and densely compact surface results.
Accumulation of plaque on the ceramic surface is significantly reduced, supporting the patient in caring for their high-quality restoration.

VITA VM 13 is a high-quality system component provided by the innovative VITA VM concept – the universal solution for all common indications. Metal-ceramics, all-ceramics or composite: the possibilities are endless!

VITA AKZENT Plus and VITA INTERNO stains are also available for individual finalization.

Features/Benefits

  • Natural shade and light effects thanks to the fine structure
  • Minimum shrinkage behavior for accurate firing
  • Excellent modeling characteristics for fast and accurate application of the ceramic
  • Comprehensive range of additional materials for excellent effects
  • Efficient and cost-effective processing
  • Can be individualized using VITA AKZENT Plus and VITA INTERNO
  • Process reliability thanks to long-standing experience
  • Available in VITA SYSTEM 3D-Master and VITA classical A1 – D4 shades

VITAVM®13 products

VITAVM®13 VITA classical A1-D4®

VITA VM 13 OPAQUE PASTE, 5 g
Description Prod. no. 5 g
A1 B453015
A2 B453025
A3 B453035
A3.5 B453045
A4 B453055
B1 B453065
B2 B453075
B3 B453085
B4 B453095
C1 B453105
C2 B453115
C3 B453125
C4 B453135
D2 B453145
D3 B453155
D4 B453165
VITA VM 13 OPAQUE, 12 g / 50 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g
A1 B4540112 B4540150
A2 B4540212 B4540250
A3 B4540312 B4540350
A3.5 B4540412 B4540450
A4 B4540512 B4540550
B1 B4540612 B4540650
B2 B4540712 B4540750
B3 B4540812 B4540850
B4 B4540912 B4540950
C1 B4541012 B4541050
C2 B4541112 B4541150
C3 B4541212 B4541250
C4 B4541312 B4541350
D2 B4541412 B4541450
D3 B4541512 B4541550
D4 B4541612 B4541650
VITA VM 13 BASE DENTINE, 12 g / 50 g
Description Powder no. Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g
A1 ENL B4543112 B4543150
A2 ENL B4543212 B4543250
A3 ENL B4543312 B4543350
A3.5 END B4543412 B4543450
A4 END B4543512 B4543550
B1 END B4543612 B4543650
B2 END B4543712 B4543750
B3 END B4543812 B4543850
B4 END B4543912 B4543950
C1 END B4544012 B4544050
C2 END B4544112 B4544150
C3 ENL B4544212 B4544250
C4 ENL B4544312 B4544350
D2 END B4544412 B4544450
D3 END B4544512 B4544550
D4 END B4544612 B4544650
VITA VM 13 TRANSPA DENTINE, 12 g / 50 g
Description Powder no. Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g
A1 ENL B4545112 B4545150
A2 ENL B4545212 B4545250
A3 ENL B4545312 B4545350
A3.5 END B4545412 B4545450
A4 END B4545512 B4545550
B1 END B4545612 B4545650
B2 END B4545712 B4545750
B3 END B4545812 B4545850
B4 END B4545912 B4545950
C1 END B4546012 B4546050
C2 END B4546112 B4546150
C3 ENL B4546212 B4546250
C4 ENL B4546312 B4546350
D2 END B4546412 B4546450
D3 END B4546512 B4546550
D4 END B4546612 B4546650

VITAVM®13 VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER®

VITA VM 13 BASE DENTINE, 12 g / 50 g / 250 g
Description Powder no. Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g Prod. no. 250 g
0M1 ENL B4503112 B4503150 -
0M2 ENL B4503212 B4503250 -
0M3 ENL B4503312 B4503350 -
1M1 ENL B4503412 B4503450 -
1M2 ENL B4503512 B4503550 -
2L1.5 ENL B4503612 B4503650 -
2L2.5 ENL B4503712 B4503750 -
2M1 ENL B4503812 B4503850 -
2M2 ENL B4503912 B4503950 B45039250
2M3 ENL B4504012 B4504050 B45040250
2R1.5 ENL B4504112 B4504150 -
2R2.5 ENL B4504212 B4504250 -
3L1.5 ENL B4504312 B4504350 -
3L2.5 ENL B4504412 B4504450 -
3M1 ENL B4504512 B4504550 -
3M2 ENL B4504612 B4504650 B45046250
3M3 ENL B4504712 B4504750 B45047250
3R1.5 ENL B4504812 B4504850 -
3R2.5 ENL B4504912 B4504950 -
4L1.5 END B4505012 B4505050 -
4L2.5 END B4505112 B4505150 -
4M1 END B4505212 B4505250 -
4M2 END B4505312 B4505350 -
4M3 END B4505412 B4505450 -
4R1.5 END B4505512 B4505550 -
4R2.5 END B4505612 B4505650 -
5M1 END B4505712 B4505750 -
5M2 END B4505812 B4505850 -
5M3 END B4505912 B4505950 -
VITA VM 13 TRANSPA DENTINE, 12 g / 50 g / 250 g
Description Powder no. Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g Prod. no. 250 g
0M1 ENL B4506112 B4506150 -
0M2 ENL B4506212 B4506250 -
0M3 ENL B4506312 B4506350 -
1M1 ENL B4506412 B4506450 -
1M2 ENL B4506512 B4506550 -
2L1.5 ENL B4506612 B4506650 -
2L2.5 ENL B4506712 B4506750 -
2M1 ENL B4506812 B4506850 -
2M2 ENL B4506912 B4506950 B45069250
2M3 ENL B4507012 B4507050 B45070250
2R1.5 ENL B4507112 B4507150 -
2R2.5 ENL B4507212 B4507250 -
3L1.5 ENL B4507312 B4507350 -
3L2.5 ENL B4507412 B4507450 -
3M1 ENL B4507512 B4507550 -
3M2 ENL B4507612 B4507650 B45076250
3M3 ENL B4507712 B4507750 B45077250
3R1.5 ENL B4507812 B4507850 -
3R2.5 ENL B4507912 B4507950 -
4L1.5 END B4508012 B4508050 -
4L2.5 END B4508112 B4508150 -
4M1 END B4508212 B4508250 -
4M2 END B4508312 B4508350 -
4M3 END B4508412 B4508450 -
4R1.5 END B4508512 B4508550 -
4R2.5 END B4508612 B4508650 -
5M1 END B4508712 B4508750 -
5M2 END B4508812 B4508850 -
5M3 END B4508912 B4508950 -
VITA VM 13 OPAQUE, 12 g / 50 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g
OP0 B4525012 -
OP1 B4525112 B4525150
OP2 B4525212 B4525250
OP3 B4525312 B4525350
OP4 B4525412 B4525450
OP5 B4525512 -
VITA VM 13 OPAQUE PASTE, 5 g
Description Prod. no. 5 g
OP0 B453505
OP1 B453515
OP2 B453525
OP3 B453535
OP4 B453545
OP5 B453555

VITAVM®13 additional powder
compatible with VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER and VITA classical A1-D4 shades

VITA VM 13 EFFECT ENAMEL, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
EE1 B4509112
EE2 B4509212
EE3 B4509312
EE4 B4509412
EE5 B4509512
EE6 B4509612
EE7 B4509712
EE8 B4509812
EE9 B4509912
EE10 B4510012
EE11 B4510112
VITA VM 13 EFFECT CHROMA, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
EC1 B4512112
EC2 B4512212
EC3 B4512312
EC4 B4512412
EC5 B4512512
EC6 B4512612
EC7 B4512712
EC8 B4512812
EC9 B4512912
EC10 B4513012
EC11 B4513112
VITA VM 13 EFFECT LINER, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
EL1 B4514112
EL2 B4514212
EL3 B4514312
EL4 B4514412
EL5 B4514512
EL6 B4514612
VITA VM 13 EFFECT PEARL, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
EP1 B4515112
EP2 B4515212
EP3 B4515312
VITA VM 13 MAMELON, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
MM1 B4516112
MM2 B4516212
MM3 B4516312
VITA VM 13 EFFECT OPAL, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
EO1 B4517112
EO2 B4517212
EO3 B4517312
EO4 B4517412
EO5 B4517512
VITA VM 13 WINDOW, 12 g / 50 g / 250 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g Prod. no. 250 g
WIN B4518112 B4518150 B45181250
VITA VM 13 ENAMEL, 12 g / 50 g / 250 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g Prod. no. 250 g
ENL B4519112 B4519150 B45191250
END B4519212 B4519250 B45192250
VITA VM 13 NEUTRAL, 12 g / 50 g / 250 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g Prod. no. 250 g
NT B4520112 B4520150 B45201250
VITA VM 13 CORRECTIVE, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
COR1 B4522112
COR2 B4522212
COR3 B4522312
VITA VM 13 GINGIVA, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
G1 B4523112
G2 B4523212
G3 B4523312
G4 B4523412
G5 B4523512
VITA VM 13 CHROMA PLUS, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
CP1 B4524112
CP2 B4524212
CP3 B4524312
CP4 B4524412
CP5 B4524512
VITA VM 13 WASH OPAQUE, 12 g / 50 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g
WO B4525912 B4525950
VITA VM 13 MARGIN, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
M1 B4526112
M4 B4526412
M5 B4526512
M7 B4526712
M8 B4526812
M9 B4526912
VITA VM 13 GINGIVA OPAQUE, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
GOL B4527112
GOD B4527312
VITA VM 13 COLOR OPAQUE, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
CO1 B4528112
CO2 B4528212
CO3 B4528312
VITA VM 13 SUN OPAQUE, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
SO1 B4529112
SO2 B4529212
SO3 B4529312
VITA VM 13 WASH OPAQUE PASTE, 7 g
Description Prod. no. 7 g
WO B453597
VITA VM 13 SUN DENTINE, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
SD1 B4536112
SD2 B4536212
SD3 B4536312
VITA VM 13 GINGIVA OPAQUE PASTE, 5 g
Description Prod. no. 5 g
GOL B453715
GOD B453735
VITA VM 13 COLOR OPAQUE PASTE, 5 g
Description Prod. no. 5 g
CO1 B453815
CO2 B453825
CO3 B453835
VITA VM 13 SUN OPAQUE PASTE, 5 g
Description Prod. no. 5 g
SO1 B453915
SO2 B453925
SO3 B453935

VITAVM®13 kits

VITAVM®13 VITA classical A1-D4®

VITAVM®13 BUILD UP KIT VITA classical A1-D4®
Build-up kit for BUILD UP layering
BV13BUK12CV1
Quantity Content Material
16 12 g VITA VM 13 TRANSPA DENTINE A1 - D4
1 50 ml VITA MODELLING FLUID RS
VITAVM®13 ONE COLOR KIT A2 POWDER
One-shade kit for initial tests
BV13OCKA2V3
Quantity Content Material
1 12 g VITA VM 13 WASH OPAQUE WO
1 12 g VITA VM 13 OPAQUE A2
1 12 g VITA VM 13 CHROMA PLUS CP2
1 12 g VITA VM 13 BASE DENTINE A2
1 12 g VITA VM 13 ENAMEL ENL
1 12 g VITA VM 13 WINDOW WIN
1 5 g VITA AKZENT Plus GLAZE POWDER
1 50 ml VITA MODELLING FLUID RS
1 50 ml VITA VM OPAQUE FLUID
1 20 ml VITA AKZENT Plus POWDER FLUID
1 VITA shade indicator stick A2

VITAVM®13 VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER®

VITAVM®13 BUILD UP KIT VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER®
Build-up kit for BUILD UP layering
BV13BUK12V1
Quantity Content Material
26 12 g VITA VM 13 TRANSPA DENTINE 1M1 - 1M2, 2L1.5 - 2L2.5, 2M1 - 2M3, 2R1.5 - 2R2.5, 3L1.5 - 3L2.5, 3M1 - 3M3, 3R1.5 - 3R2.5, 4L1.5 - 4L2.5, 4M1 - 4M3, 4R1.5 - 4R2.5, 5M1 - 5M3
1 50 ml VITA MODELLING FLUID RS
VITAVM®13 ONE COLOR KIT 2M2 POWDER
One-shade kit for initial tests
BV13OCK2M2V3
Quantity Content Material
1 12 g VITA VM 13 WASH OPAQUE WO
1 12 g VITA VM 13 OPAQUE OP2
1 12 g VITA VM 13 BASE DENTINE 2M2
1 12 g VITA VM 13 ENAMEL ENL
1 12 g VITA VM 13 WINDOW WIN
1 5 g VITA AKZENT Plus GLAZE POWDER
1 50 ml VITA MODELLING FLUID RS
1 50 ml VITA VM OPAQUE FLUID
1 20 ml VITA AKZENT Plus POWDER FLUID
1 VITA shade indicator stick 2M2
VITAVM®13 ONE COLOR KIT 3M2 POWDER
One-shade kit for initial tests
BV13OCK3M2V3
Quantity Content Material
1 12 g VITA VM 13 WASH OPAQUE WO
1 12 g VITA VM 13 OPAQUE OP3
1 12 g VITA VM 13 BASE DENTINE 3M2
1 12 g VITA VM 13 ENAMEL ENL
1 12 g VITA VM 13 WINDOW WIN
1 5 g VITA AKZENT Plus GLAZE POWDER
1 50 ml VITA MODELLING FLUID RS
1 50 ml VITA VM OPAQUE FLUID
1 20 ml VITA AKZENT Plus POWDER FLUID
1 VITA shade indicator stick 3M2

VITAVM®13 additional powder
compatible with VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER and VITA classical A1-D4 shades

VITAVM®13 GINGIVA KIT
Natural-looking gingiva pastes
BV13GKV1
Quantity Content Material
5 12 g VITA VM 13 GINGIVA G1 - G5
2 12 g VITA VM 13 GINGIVA OPAQUE GOL, GOD
1 Shade guide for VITA VM GINGIVA / MARGIN
VITAVM®13 MARGIN KIT
Ceramic for creating the transition between crown and prepared tooth
BV13MKV1
Quantity Content Material
6 12 g VITA VM 13 MARGIN M1, M4 - M5, M7 - M9
1 Shade guide for VITA VM GINGIVA / MARGIN
VITAVM®13 PROFESSIONAL KIT
Additional materials for achieving special shade effects and individualizing the restoration
BV13PKV2
Quantity Content Material
11 12 g VITA VM 13 EFFECT CHROMA EC1 - EC11
3 12 g VITA VM 13 MAMELON MM1 - MM3
3 12 g VITA VM 13 EFFECT PEARL EP1 - EP3
5 12 g VITA VM 13 EFFECT OPAL EO1 - EO5
11 12 g VITA VM 13 EFFECT ENAMEL EE1 - EE11
6 12 g VITA VM 13 EFFECT LINER EL1 - EL6
1 Shade guide for VITA VM EFFECT CHROMA
1 Shade guide for VITA VM EFFECT LINER / EFFECT OPAL / MAMELON
1 Shade guide for VITA VM EFFECT ENAMEL / EFFECT PEARL
VITA Easyshade® V

VITA Easyshade® V
Perfect shade determination, maximum reliability

VITA AKZENT® Plus

VITA AKZENT® Plus
Optimizes everything. Effortlessly.

VITA INTERNO®

VITA INTERNO®
For reproducing the shade effects found in the tooth interior

VITA VACUMAT® 6000 M

VITA VACUMAT® 6000 M
Premium ceramic furnace with surprising details and impressive reliability

VITA NP BOND

VITA NP BOND
Effective CTE buffer between the ceramic and the metal alloy

Product info

FR: Intime VM 13 (Version 001)

FR
Instructions for use

VITA VM13 Kurzversion (Version 003)

No. 1180 VITA VM 13 (Version 010)

DE

No. 1180 VITA VM 13 (Version 009)

Brochures

No. 1229 VITA VM 13 (Version 005)

DE

No. 1229 VITA VM 13 (Version 004)

EN

No. 1229 VITA VM 13 (Version 003)

ES
FR
IT
Order blocks

No. 1205M VITA VM 13 VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER® (Version 002)

No. 1542M VITA VM 13 VITA classical A1-D4® (Version 003)

Press

das dental labor: Einsatz Zusatzmassen Metallkeramik Seitenzähne, Daniel Carmona Cando (Version 001)

DE

dental dialogue 9/2008: BIO-Logische Prothetik mit VITA VM 13, ZTM Christoph Freihöffer (Version 001)

DE

Dentalzeitung 06/2011: VITA VM 13, Urszula Młynarska (Version 001)

DE

Zahntechniker Magazin 1/2015. ZTM Jürgen R. Freitag. Farbharmonie (Version 001)

DE

No. dd6_17 dental dialogue 6/17. Non-Prep-Veneers. VITA VM 13. Drs. Berthos Kleinsman und Ludger Schlütter (Version 001)

DE
Firing tables

VITA VM 13 / 4000 PT / vPad com + ex + clin (Version 001)

VITA VM 13 / 40 T (Version 001)

VITA-VM-13-Degu-Dent-Cergo-Press.zip (Version 001)

DE

VITA-VM-13-DEKEMA-Austromat-3001-langsame-Abkuehlung.zip (Version 001)

DE

VITA-VM-13-DEKEMA-Austromat-3001-schnelle-Abkuehlung.zip (Version 001)

DE

VITA-VM-13-DEKEMA-Austromat-M.zip (Version 001)

DE

VITA-VM-13-Dentsply-Multimat-MC-II.zip (Version 001)

DE

VITA-VM-13-IVOCLAR-Programat-P9095.zip (Version 001)

DE
Safety data sheets
General Risks

General Risks (Version 002)

Residual Risks

VITA Veneering Porcelain (Version 002)

Summary of Safety and Clinical Performance (SSCP)

NP BOND_VMK MASTER_VMK 95_VM 13 (Version 002)

DE
EN

NP BOND_VMK MASTER_VMK 95_VM 13 (Version 001)

ES
FR
IT

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Tearing

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • Model in reduced tooth size particularly in the case of molars and bridges in order to achieve a homogeneous layer thickness of the ceramic. Ensure cuspal support in the posterior area, and U-shaped modellation of the interdental spaces.
  • Casting: ensure correct flame adjustment and temperature of induction or electronic casting equipment. Use the casting crucible and temperature recommended for the alloy.
  • Never mix alloys. Do not use more than one third of old metal.
  • Make sure to use clean sandblasting material and observe the manufacturer's instructions. Do not use any circuit blasting units.
  • Finish the entire surface of the crown or bridge in order to remove any reaction products of the alloy surface and the investment material or impurities in the surface. Finish the interdental spaces.
  • Various manufacturers no longer recommend oxidation firing. However, when changing alloys, oxidation firing should be carried out. It serves to check the oxide color, which must be homogeneous with the shade. There must be no stains or discolorations on the surface to be veneered. The oxide layer can be subsequently removed by sandblasting or etching.
  • When mixing all ceramic materials, ensure that no bubbles are formed. Ensure that the liquid is added to the powder from the side and the material is mixed thoroughly using a glass or agate spatula. The use of metal spatulas can lead to metal abrasion and discoloration of the ceramic.
  • Keep workplace clean: metal dust and dirty brush water can lead to problems.
  • Application of insulating liquid should not be too thick.
  • When firing bridges, always separate down to the opaque at the first firing. Shrinkage of the ceramic always occurs only in the thickest area. Therefore a uniform layer thickness is recommended. Do not use any dry or saw-toothed instruments. The use of these instruments can cause the ceramic to become detached and separated from the surface.
  • Ensure correct firing parameters and firing temperature. Carry out muffle test by using a mirror to see if the muffle is properly heated from all sides in the firing chamber.
  • If a rubber polisher is used before the final finishing, the surface must not be wetted with liquid again. It must first be cleaned. It is not sufficient to clean it using a steam cleaner or with water. Silicone residue at the surface must be removed mechanically.
  • Insulating material residue must not be on the ceramic surface. Contact with the freshly insulated antagonist teeth may also lead to problems.
  • When filling the interdental spaces during bridge correction, do not vibrate the material until dry; otherwise the material will not bond. Interdental spaces should be wetted with an oily liquid (e.g. VITA INTERNO) before filling.
Bubbles

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • Investment material was not correctly mixed (observe manufacturer's instructions and expiration date).
  • Check if the surface of the metal substructure exhibits any porosity.
  • Never mix alloys. Do not use more than one third of old metal.
  • Do not separate directly at the coping so that the sprue area can still be easily adjusted.
  • If possible, avoid soldering or lasering.
  • Make sure sandblasting material is clean. Observe the alloy manufacturer's instructions. Do not use any circuit blasting units. Sandblast at an angle of 45° to the surface to avoid the risk of penetration of abrasive material into the alloy.
  • When using etching agents, the restoration needs to be carefully cleaned afterwards.
  • Finish with clean, cross-cut tungsten carbide burs. Do not apply too much pressure and use the ppropriate rotation speed depending on the alloy.
  • Avoid heat development o the surface. Do not use abrasives for finishing different alloys.
  • Do not use diamond abrasives or diamond-coated rubber polishers for finishing.
  • Finish the entire surface of the crown or bridge in order to remove any reaction products of the alloy surface and the investment material or impurities in the surface. Finish the interdental spaces.
  • Grind in one direction in order to avoid overlapping.
  • Sandblast with particle size of 50 - 250 μm depending on the alloy. Adhere to recommended sandblasting pressure for different alloys and sandblast at an angle of 45° to avoid the risk of penetration of abrasive material into the alloy. Use disposable abrasives and ensure that sandblasting material is clean (observe alloy manufacturer's instructions).
  • Depending on the oxide surface etching is recommended by different manufacturers; the surface is "refined" by dissolving impurities. It is vital to clean the substructures thoroughly and make sure that no etching residue remains on the surface.
  • Various manufacturers no longer recommend oxidation firing. However, when changing alloys, oxidation firing should be carried out. It serves to check the oxide color, which must be homogeneous with the shade. There must be no stains or discolorations on the surface to be veneered. The oxide layer can be subsequently removed by sandblasting or etching.
  • The wash opaque must be applied in accordance with the working instructions to achieve good wetting of the surface. To ensure correct melting of the opaque, the required temperature must be adhered to. The use of wash opaque is not mandatory; wash opaque firing can also be carried out with the regular opaque porcelain (colored).
  • When mixing all ceramic materials, ensure that no bubbles are formed. Ensure that the liquid is added to the powder from the side and the material is mixed thoroughly using a glass or agate spatula. The use of metal spatulas can lead to metal abrasion and discoloration of the ceramic. Keep workplace clean; metal dust and dirty brush water can lead to problems.
  • Application of insulating liquid should not be too thick.
  • Ceramics should not be mixed with modelling liquid but with distilled water when remixing them. It must also be ensured that the mixture is bubble-free. Ensure a homogeneous moisture level of the layered ceramic on the crown. Do not keep re-wetting or allow it to dry out.
  • Burs may only be used for processing one material.
  • Do not use burs which have been previously used for grinding titanium.
Shade too pale after firing

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • Ceramics should not be mixed with modelling liquid but with distilled water when remixing them. It must also be ensured that the mixture is bubble-free. Ensure a homogeneous moisture level of the layered ceramic on the crown. Do not keep re-wetting or allow it to dry out. Burs may only be used for processing one material.
  • Ensure correct firing parameters and firing temperature.
  • Insulation material residue must not be on the ceramic surface. Contact with the freshly-insulated antagonist teeth (opposing jaw) can lead to problems.
  • Firing temperature too low.
  • Not enough Base Dentine used.
  • Too much Transpa Dentine used.
  • Too much dentine used.
  • Veneer thickness is not sufficient enough to ensure reliable shade reproduction, a layer thickness of ≥ 0.6 mm is required.
Shade too grey after firing

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • The wash opaque must be applied in accordance with the working instructions to achieve good wetting of the surface. To ensure correct melting of the opaque, the required temperature must be adhered to. The use of wash opaque is not mandatory; the wash opaque firing can also be carried out with the regular opaque porcelain (colored).
  • After applying, the opaque should mask the surface completely to ensure reliable reproduction of the shade; if necessary it must be applied a second time.
  • When mixing ceramic materials, ensure that no bubbles are formed. Ensure that the liquid is added to the powder from the side and the material is mixed thoroughly using a glass or agate spatula. The use of metal spatulas can lead to metal abrasion and discoloration of the ceramic. Keep workplace clean; metal dust and dirty brush water can lead to problems.
  • Application of insulating liquid should not be too thick.
  • Insulation material residue must not be on the ceramic surface. Contact with the freshly-insulated antagonist teeth (opposing jaw) can lead to problems.
  • Opaque does not completely mask the surface.
  • Firing temperature too high or too low; ensure correct firing parameters and firing temperature. Carry out muffle test by using a mirror to see if the muffle is properly heated from all sides in the firing chamber
  • Too much Transpa Dentine used.
  • Veneer thickness is not sufficient; to ensure reliable shade reproduction, a layer thickness of ≥ 0.6 mm is required.
Errors during firing

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • Ensure good marginal adaptation of the ceramics; if necessary brush the ceramic in these areas before firing (use a dry brush).
  • When firing bridges, always separate down to the opaque at the first firing. Shrinkage of the ceramic always occurs only in the thickest area. Therefore a uniform layer thickness is recommended. Do not use any dry or saw-toothed instruments. The use of these instruments can cause the ceramic to become detached and separated from the surface.
  • The crown has a "lifeless" appearance or exhibits insufficient translucency (may also be caused by unsuitable liquid).
  • Crown has a glassy appearance or round edges after firing: check the firing temperature accuracy.
Chipping

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • When modelling in wax, the minimum recommended layer thicknesses should be adhered to right from the beginning to ensure that a minimum layer thickness of 0.3 mm remains after finishing. Follow manufacturers' instructions regarding alloys. Non-precious metal alloys and high gold content alloys require different wall thicknesses.
  • Model in reduced tooth size particularly in the case of molars and bridges in order to achieve a homogeneous layer thickness of the ceramic. Ensure cuspal support in the posterior area, and U-shaped modellation of the interdental spaces. Sharp edges must be avoided.
  • Sprue the pattern according to the manufacturer's instructions. Observe the information on storage, expiration dates and processing for the investment material.
  • Casting: ensure correct flame adjustment and temperature of induction or electronic casting equipment. Use the casting crucible and temperature recommended for the alloy.
  • Never mix alloys. Do not use more than one third of old metal.
  • Do not separate directly at the coping so that the sprue area can still be easily adjusted.
  • Ensure homogeneous metal structure; if possible avoid soldering or lasering.
  • Make sure to use clean sandblasting material and observe the manufacturer's instructions. Do not use any circuit blasting units.
  • Before using etching agents, clean the restoration thoroughly.
  • Trim with clean, cross-cut tungsten carbide burs. Do not apply too much pressure and use the appropriate rotation speed depending on the alloy.
  • Avoid heat development at the surface. Do not use abrasives for different alloys when finishing. Do not use diamond abrasives or diamond-coated rubber polishers for finishing.
  • Finish the entire surface of the crown or bridge in order to remove any reaction products of the alloy surface and the investment material or impurities in the surface. Finish the interdental spaces.
  • Sandblast with particle size of 50 - 250 μm depending on the alloy. Adhere to recommended sandblasting pressure for different alloys and sandblast at an angle of 45° to avoid the risk of penetration of the abrasive material into the alloy. Use disposable abrasives and ensure that the sandblasting material is clean (observe alloy manufacturer's instructions).
  • Ensure correct firing parameters and firing temperature. Carry out muffle test by using a mirror to see if the muffle is properly heated from all sides in the firing chamber.
  • Grind the surface of the ceramic with diamond abrasives. Make sure the ceramic does not get too hot. When using blunt diamonds, do not increase the grinding pressure, but replace the tool. When using a turbine, always use water cooling.
Pinholing in the surface

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • When mixing all ceramic materials, ensure that no bubbles are formed. Ensure that the liquid is added to the powder from the side and the material is mixed thoroughly using a glass or agate spatula. The use of metal spatulas can lead to metal abrasion and discoloration of the ceramic. Keep workplace clean; metal dust and dirty brush can lead to problems.
  • Application of insulating liquid should not be too thick.
  • Ceramics should not be mixed with modelling liquid but with distilled water when remixing them. It must also be ensured that the mixture is bubble-free. Ensure a homogeneous moisture level of the layered ceramic on the crown. Do not keep re-wetting or allow it to dry out.
  • The correction porcelain should not be applied in very small portions. Make sure it does not dry out too much; if necessary use a liquid which keeps it moist longer.
  • Avoid frequent suction and rewetting of the material; a homogeneous moisture level is required.
Black dots in the ceramic

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • When mixing all ceramic materials, ensure that no bubbles are formed. Ensure that the liquid is added to the powder from the side and the material is mixed thoroughly using a glass or agate spatula. The use of metal spatulas can lead to metal abrasion and discoloration of the ceramic.
  • Keep workplace clean; metal dust and dirty brush water can lead to problems.
  • Application of insulating liquid should not be too thick.
Cracks in the metal ceramic

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • When modelling in wax, the minimum layer thicknesses should be adhered to right from the beginning to ensure that a minimum layer thickness of 0.3 mm remains after finishing. Follow manufacturers' instructions regarding alloys. Non-precious metal alloys and high gold content alloys require different wall thicknesses.
  • Model in reduced tooth size particularly in the case of molars and bridges in order to achieve a homogeneous thickness of the ceramic. Ensure cuspal support in the posterior area and U-shaped modellation of the interdental spaces. Sharp edges must be avoided.
  • Sprueing of the model according to the manufacturer's instructions. Observe the information on storage, expiration dates and processing for the investment material.
  • Casting: ensure correct flame adjustment and temperature of induction or electronic casting equipment. Use the casting crucible and temperature recommended for the alloy.
  • Never mix alloys. Do not use more than one third of old metal.
  • Do not separate directly at the coping so that the sprue area can still be easily adjusted.
  • Ensure homogeneous metal structure; if possible avoid soldering or lasering.
  • Make sure to use clean and suitable sandblasting material (manufacturer's instructions).
  • Before using etching agents clean (ultrasonic unit), the restoration thoroughly.
  • Trim with clean, cross-cut tungsten carbide burs. Do not apply too much pressure and use the given rotation speed depending on the alloy.
  • Avoid heat development at the surface. Do not use abrasives for different alloys for finishing. Do not use diamond abrasives or diamond-coated rubber polishers for finishing.
  • Finish the entire surface of the crown or bridge in order to remove any reaction products of the alloy surface with the investment material or impurities in the surface. Finishing should also be carried out in the interdental spaces.
  • Sandblast with particle size of 50 - 250 μm depending on the alloy. Adhere to recommended sandblasting pressure for different alloys and sandblast at an angle of 45°. Use disposable abrasives and ensure that sandblasting material is clean.
  • The wash opaque must be applied in accordance with the working instructions to achieve good wetting of the surface. To ensure correct melting of the opaque, the required temperature must be adhered to. The use of wash opaque is not mandatory; the wash opaque firing can also be carried out with the regular opaque porcelain (colored).
  • Observe the CTE of the alloy. The CTE of the ceramic must generally be lower than that of the metal. Experience gathered over numerous years has shown that the use of alloys with a CTE between 14 - 14.4, measured at 25-600 °C, produces very good results. If the CTE value of the alloy is higher, the temperature range between 900 °C to 700 °C must not be passed in less than three minutes during the cooling phase. However, this does not apply to each alloy. In individual cases successful firing performed by VITA Zahnfabrik may differ from the recommendations of the alloy manufacturers.
  • When firing bridges, always separate down to the opaque at the first firing. Shrinkage of the ceramic always occurs only in the thickest area. Therefore a uniform layer thickness is recommended. Do not use any dry or saw-toothed instruments. The use of these instruments can cause the ceramic to become detached and separated from the opaque surface.
  • Various manufacturers no longer recommend oxidation firing. However, when changing alloys, oxidation firing should be carried out. It serves to check the oxide shade, which must be homogeneous in shade. There must be no stains or discolorations on the surface to be veneered. The oxide layer can be subsequently removed by sandblasting or etching.
  • Ensure correct firing parameters and firing temperature. Carry out muffle test by using a mirror to see if the muffle is properly heated from all sides in the firing chamber.
  • Grind the surface of the ceramic with diamond abrasives. Make sure the ceramic is not ground when too hot. When using blunt diamonds, do not increase the grinding pressure but replace the tool. When using a turbine, always ensure water cooling.
Veneering of NPM (non-precious metal) alloys

Information on reliable veneering of NPM alloys

Since frameworks made from non-precious metal alloys conduct heat poorly and hence exhibit a different behavior than precious metal alloys, the following information must be observed when veneering NPM frameworks with VITA VM 13:

  • Only use special ceramic crucibles when casting NPM alloys.
  • Only new material may be cast.
  • When finishing the frameworks, sharp edges must be avoided.
  • Sandblast with 250 µm aluminium oxide at a pressure of 3-4 bars. The information of the alloy manufacturer must be adhered to!
  • To avoid discoloration, all surfaces not to be veneered should be sandblasted or ground after each firing process. Then they need to be cleaned thoroughly.
  • To achieve reliable bonding of VITA VM 13 to the NPM alloy, the temperature for the washbake must be 50°C and the temperature for the opaque firing must be 30° higher. This way improved wetting of the surface and enhanced bonding are ensured.
Clouding in the ceramic

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • Ensure correct firing parameters and firing temperature. Carry out muffle test with mirror to see if muffle is properly heated from all sides.
  • Insulation material residue must not be on the ceramic surface. Contact with the freshly insulated antagonist teeth (opposing jaw) can lead to problems.
  • The correction porcelain should not be applied in very small portions. Make sure it does not dry out too much; if necessary use a liquid which keeps it moist longer.
  • Firing temperature is too low.
  • Avoid constant suction and rewetting of the mixture; ensure homogeneous moisture level.
Deformation of substructures

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • General preparation guidelines must be observed.
  • When modelling in wax, the minimum layer thicknesses should be adhered to right from the beginning to ensure that sufficient material remains also after finishing.
  • Observe manufacturers' instructions regarding alloys.
  • Non precious metal alloys and high gold content alloys require different wall thicknesses.
  • Sprueing of the modellation according to the manufacturer's instructions.
  • Observe information on storage, expiration dates and processing of the investment material.
  • Observe the manufacturer's instructions on processing of the respective metal (alloy).
  • Ensure correct firing parameters and firing temperature. Carry out muffle test with mirror to see if muffle is properly heated from all sides.
  • Ensure correct flame adjustment and temperature of induction or electronic casting equipment.
  • Use the casting crucible recommended for the alloy. Do not cast different alloys in a single crucible.
  • Never mix alloys. Do not use more than one third of old metal.
Bonding problems – metal/ceramic

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • Casting: ensure correct flame adjustment and temperature of induction or electronic casting equipment. Use the casting crucible and temperature recommended for the alloy.
  • Never mix alloys. Do not use more than one third of old metal.
  • The wash opaque must be applied in accordance with the working instructions to achieve good wetting of the surface. To ensure correct melting of the opaque, the required temperature must be adhered to. The use of wash opaque is not mandatory; the wash opaque firing can also be carried out with the shaded opaque porcelain.
  • Bubbles or discolorations at the surface of the opaque must be avoided. The opaque must have a surface glaze.
  •  Freshly layered porcelain must not be preheated too quickly and at excessive temperatures.
  • When filling the interdental spaces during bridge correction, do not vibrate the material until dry; otherwise the material will not bond. Interdental spaces should be wetted with an oily liquid (e.g. VITA INTERNO FLUID) before filling.
Discolorations

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • Observe information on storage, expiration dates and processing of the investment material.
  • Casting: ensure correct flame adjustment and temperature of induction or electronic casting equipment. Use the crucibles and temperature recommended for the alloy.
  • Use the crucibles recommended for the alloy.
  • Ensure homogeneous metal structure; if possible avoid soldering or lasering.
  • Use recommended ceramic mixing liquid and observe the firing temperature.
Marginal recessions

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • Model in reduced tooth size particularly in the case of molars and bridges in order to achieve a homogeneous layer thickness of the ceramic. Ensure cuspal support in the posterior area, and U-shaped modellation of the interdental spaces.
  • The opaque must be applied in accordance with the working instructions. To ensure proper melting of the opaque, the correct temperature must be adhered to.
  • Avoid bubbles or discolorations at the surface of the opaque.
  • Ensure good marginal adaptation of the ceramics; if necessary brush the ceramic in these areas before firing (use a dry brush).
  • When firing bridges, always separate down to the opaque for the first firing. Shrinkage of the ceramic always occurs only in the thickest area. Therefore a uniform layer thick ness is recommended. Do not use any dry or saw-toothed instruments. The use of these instruments can cause the ceramic to become detached and separated from the surface.
  • Should a rubber polisher be used before the final finishing, the surface must not be wetted with liquid again. It must first be cleaned. It is not sufficient to clean it using a steam cleaner or with water. Silicone residue at the surface must be removed mechanically.
  • Insulation material residue must not be on the ceramic surface. Contact with the freshly-insulated antagonist teeth (opposing jaw) can lead to problems.
Two ceramic layers did not bond

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  •  Do not place freshly layered and moist ceramic directly into the hot furnace.
  •  Ensure correct firing parameters and firing temperature; if required check furnace temperature. Carry out muffle test by using a mirror to see if the muffle is properly heated from all sides in the firing chamber.

  •  If a rubber polisher is used before final finishing (glaze firing), the surface must not be wetted with liquid again. It must first be cleaned. It is not sufficient to clean it using a steam cleaner or with water. Silicone residue must be removed mechanically from the surface.
  • Insulation material residue must not be on the ceramic surface. Contact with the freshly-insulated antagonist teeth (opposing jaw) can lead to problems.
  •  The correction porcelain should not be applied in very small portions. Make sure it does not dry out excessively; if necessary use a liquid which keeps it moist longer (VITA MODELLING FLUID).
  • Avoid constant blotting and wetting of the material.
  • When filling the interdental spaces during bridge correction, do not vibrate the material excessively; otherwise the material will not bond. Interdental spaces should be wetted with an oily liquid (e.g. Interno) before filling.
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